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　　Vocabulary

　　I. 1. 1) alliance

　　2) at the cost of

　　3) stroke

　　4) limp

　　5) minus

　　6) regions

　　7) declarations

　　8) siege

　　9) raw

　　10) bide his time

　　11) have taken their toll

　　12) in the case of

　　2. 1) is faced with

　　2) get bogged down

　　3) is pressing on / pressed on

　　4) drag on

　　5) get by

　　6) dine out

　　7) have cut back

　　8) get through

　　3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

　　2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike

　　3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.

　　4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.

　　5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.

　　4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.

　　2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.

　　3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.

　　II.More Synonyms in Context

　　1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.

　　2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.

　　3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

　　4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

　　III. Usage

　　1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.

　　2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.

　　3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work

　　4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.

　　5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.

　　6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.

　　Comprehensive Exercises

　　I. Cloze

　　(A) 1. invasion

　　2. stand in the way

　　3. Conquest

　　4. catching... off his guard

　　5. launching

　　6. declaration

　　7. campaign

　　8. drag on

　　9. reckon with

　　10. bringing...to a halt

　　(B) 1. allow

　　2. reckoned

　　3. highly

　　4. forecasts

　　5. rapidly

　　6. instant

　　7. delivery

　　8. advantage

　　9. observing

　　10. Powerful

　　II. Translation

　　1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

　　2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

　　3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.

　　4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

　　5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

　　The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties.

　　By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

　　全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案完全整理版

　　Unit 1

　　1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

　　2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

　　3) Having been out of a job for 3 months, Phil is increasingly getting desperate.

　　4) Sam, as the project manager is decisive, efficient and accurate in his judgment.

　　5) Since the chemical plant was identified as a source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it at the cost of 100 jobs.

　　2. The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

　　Unit 2 Text A

　　1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

　　2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing

　　a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems

　　3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated withglobal temperatures

　　4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.

　　5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.

　　2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

　　Unit 3

　　1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.

　　2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.

　　3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.

　　4) If I had know beforehand that you would bring some many friends home,

　　I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.

　　5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.

　　2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my

　　standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

　　I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.

　　Unit 4

　　1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.

　　2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.

　　3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.

　　4) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.

　　2. Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example,young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas for jobs. And for

　　those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. Atthe same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trends can copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.

　　Unit 5

　　1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.

　　2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.

　　3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.

　　4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting,but only a few turned up.

　　5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.

　　2. For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid.

　　Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel he insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture.

　　What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.

　　Unit 6

　　1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.

　　2) Here unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.

　　3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.

　　4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.

　　5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time,and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.

　　2. Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well /good money.

　　Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.

　　Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.

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